The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a list of performance measurement and citizen participation resources for educators. In addition, an annotated list of references is also provided on this site.
Allen, J. R. (1996). The uses of performance measurement. Government Finance Review, 12(4), 11-16.
American Nurses Association. (1996). Nursing quality indicators: Definitions and implications. Washington, D.C.: American Nurses Association.
American Nurses Association. (1996). Nursing quality indicators: Guide for implementation. Washington, D.C.: American Nurses Association.
American Productivity and Quality Center. (1994). The benchmarking management guide. Portland, OR: Productivity Press.
Ammons, D. N. (1994). The role of professional associations in establishing and promoting performance standards for local government. Public Productivity and Management Review, 17(3), 281-298.
Ammons, D. N. (1995). Overcoming the inadequacies of performance measurement in local government: The case of libraries and leisure services. Public Administration Review, 55 (1), 37-47.
Ammons, D. N. (1995). Accountability for performance: Measurement and monitoring in local government. Washington, DC: ICMA.
Ammons, D. N. (1996). Local government standards via professional associations: How useful are they for gauging performance? In A. Halachmi and G. Bouckaert (Eds.), Organizational performance and measurement in the public sector. Westport, CT: Quorum.
Ammons, D. N. (1996). Municipal benchmarks: Assessing local performance and establishing community standards. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ammons, D. N. (2000). Benchmarking as a performance management tool: Experiences among municipalities in North Carolina. Journal o f Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, 12(1), 106-124.
Ammons, D. N. (2000). Performance benchmarks in local government risk management. Fairfax, VA: Public Entity Risk Institute.
Ammons, D. N., Coe, C., and Lombardo, M. (2001). Performance comparison projects in local government: Participants' perspective. Public Administration Review, 61(1), 100-110.
Andersen, B. and Pettersen, P. (1996). The benchmarking handbook: Step-by-step instructions. London: Chapman & Hall.
Aristigueta, M. (1998). Managing for results in state government. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.
Arizona Governor's Office of Strategic Planning and Budgeting. (1995). Managing for results: Strategic planning and performance measurement handbook. Arizona: Governor's Office for Excellence in Governing.
Asher, C. (1992). Polling and the public: What every citizen should know. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, Inc.
Association of Oregon Counties. (1994). Governing for results: Using benchmarks to define and measure progress toward strategic priorities. Oregon: Association of Oregon Counties.
Auditor General of Canada. (1997). Moving toward managing for results: Report of the auditor general of Canada to the House of Commons. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Services.
Austin, City of, Texas (1999). Citizens prioritizing city services: 1999 citizen survey results. City of Austin, Texas.
Barrett, K. and Greene, R. (1994). The state of the cities: Managing for results. Financial World, 163(3), 40-43.
Barrett, K. and Greene, R. (1994). Managing for results: Phoenix. Financial World, 163(3), 47.
Barrett, K. and Greene, R. (1995). State of the states 1995: Tick, tick, tick. Financial World, 164(20), 36-39.
Barrett, K. and Greene, R. (2000). Grading the cities: A management report card. Governing, 13, 22-91.
Baugher, D (Ed.) (1981). Measuring effectiveness. New directions for program evaluation series, No. 11. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Behn, R. D. (1992). Bottom-line government. Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, the Governors Center at Duke University.
Behn, R. D. (1997). Broken windows and production targets. Governing. Available at: http://www.governing.com/archive/1997/mar/manage.txt
Bens, C. K. (1986). Strategies for implementing performance measurement. Management Information Service Report, 18: 1-14. Washington, D.C.: ICMA.
Berry, M. and Ikerd, J. (1996). Outcome budgeting: Catawba County, NC. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Blanche-Kapplen, S. and Lissman, L. (1996). Development and use of outcome information in government: Oregon adult and family services. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Blodgett, J. and Newfarmer, G. (1996). Performance measurement (Arguably): The hottest topic in government today. Public Management, 78, 6.
Bouckaert, G. (1992). Public productivity in retrospective. In M. Holzer (Ed.) Public productivity handbook (pp. 5- 46). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Bowden, M. (1996). Development and use of outcome information in government: Oregon Department of Transportation. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Bowerman, M. (1995). Auditing performance indicators: The role of the audit commission in the citizen’s charter initiative. Financial Accountability & Management, 11(2), 171.
Bowsher, C. (1993). Improving government: Measuring performance and acting on proposals for change. Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Legislation and National Security, Committee on Government Operations.
Boxwell, R. J., Jr. (1994). Benchmarking for competitive advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brassard, M. (1989). The memory jogger plus. Methuen: GOAL/ QPC.
Brizius, J. A. and Campbell, M.D. (1991). Getting results: A guide for government accountability. Washington, DC: Council of Governors' Policy Advisors.
Broom, C., Jackson, M., Vogelsang Coombs, V. and Harris, J. (1998). Performance measurement: Concepts and techniques. Washington, DC.
Broom, C. A. and McGuire, L. A. (1995). Performance-based government models: Building a track record. Public Budgeting and Finance Journal. 15 (4), 3-17.
Bruder, K. A., Jr. and Gray, E. M. (1994). Public sector benchmarking: A practical approach. Public Management, 76(9), S9.
Bryant, S. (1996). Development and use of outcome measures: Long Beach Police Department, Long Beach, CA. Washington, DC: ASPAS' Center for Accountability and Performance.
Cabrero-Mendoza, E. (2000). Mexican local governance in transition: Fleeting change or permanent transformation? American Review of Public Administration, 30(4), 374-388.
Camall, C. A. (1995). Managing change in organizations. (2nd ed.) London: Prentice Hall.
Campbell, M. D. (1997). Outcome and performance measurement systems: An overview. Alliance for Redesigning Government at. Available at: http://www.alliance.napawash.org/ALLIANCE /Picases.nsf/.
Canadian Comprehensive Auditing Foundation. (1987). Effectiveness: Reporting and auditing in the public sector. Ottawa: Canadian Comprehensive Auditing Foundation.
Cannon, J. (1996). Utah tomorrow. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Capezio, P. & Morehouse, D. (1995). Taking the mystery out of TQM: A practical guide to Total Quality Management. (2nd ed.) Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press.
Carter, R. K. (1983). The accountable agency. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Carter, K. (1994). Performance budgets: Here by popular demand. State Legislatures, December, 22-25.
Carter, K. (1996). Measuring performance improves budgeting. National Conference of State Legislatures LegisBrief, February, 4-7.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1998). Youth risk behavior surveillance: United States, 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 14.
Chan, A. (1994). Managing a government like a business: The Sunnyvale system. Government Finance Review, 10(2), 7-11.
Chelimsky, E. (1997). The coming transformations in evaluation. In E. Chelimsky and W. R. Shadish (Eds). Evaluation for the 21st century (pp. 1-26). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cheurprakobkit, S. (2000). Police-citizen contact and police performance. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28(4), 325-336.
Cheurprakobkit, S. and Bartsch, R. A. (2001). Police performance: A model for assessing citizens & rsquo satisfaction and the importance of police attributes. Police Quarterly, 4(4), 449-468.
Chief Finance Officers (CFO). (1998). Integrating performance measurement into the budget process. FinanceNet.
Christenson, L. (1996). Integration of business plan, strategic plan, customer service plan, unit self assessment and employee performance appraisals: Washington State Department of Labor and Industry. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Claudle, S. L. (1987). Productivity politics: Gilding the farthing. Public Productivity Review, 44, 39-51.
Coe, C. (1999). Local government benchmarking: Lessons from two major multi-government efforts. Public Administration Review, 59(2), 110-115.
Coffey, J. (Ed.) (1993). Resource manual for customer surveys. Washington, DC: Office of Management and Budget.
Colwell, W. L., & Koletar, J. W. (1984). Performance measurement for criminal justice: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) experience. Public Productivity Review, 8(3), 207-224.
Communications and Coordination Directorate, Treasury Board of Canada, Office of the Comptroller General, Evaluation and Audit Branch. (1992). Your guide to measuring client satisfaction. Ottawa: Communications and Coordination Directorate, Treasury Board of Canada, Office of the Comptroller General, Evaluation and Audit Branch.
Cope, G. H. (1987). Local government budgeting and productivity: Friends or foes? Public Productivity Review, 10(3), 45-57.
Cope, G. H. (1992). Walking the fiscal tightrope: Local government budgeting and fiscal stress. International Journal of Public Administration, 15(5), 1097-1120.
Cothran, D. A. (1993). Entrepreneurial budgeting: An emerging reform? Public Administration Review, 53(5), 445-454
Critchlow, D. (1985). The Brookings Institution, 1916-1952: Expertise and the public interest in a democratic society. Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
Croly, H. (1909). The promise of American life. New York: Macmillan.
Curcio, C. F. (1996). Performance indicators: Phoenix Parks, Recreation and Library Department. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Del'Agostino, B. (1995). Observations about performance budgets from California. The Fiscal Letter , 17(4), 4-5, 10-11.
Devlin, S. J., Dong, H.K. & Brown, M. (1993). Selecting a scale for measuring quality. Marketing Research, 5(3), 12-17.
Dillman. D. A. (1991). The design and administration of mail surveys. Annual Review of Sociology, 17(1), 225-249.
Dimock, M. E. (1936). Criteria and objectives of public administration. In J. Gans, L. White, and M. Dimock (Eds.), The frontiers of public administration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Downs, G. W. and Larkey, P D. (1986). The search for government efficiency: From hubris to helplessness. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Drucker, P. F. (1975). Management: Tasks, responsibilities and practices. New York: Harper & Row.
DuPont-Morales, M.A. and Harris, J. E. (1994). Strengthening accountability: Incorporating strategic planning and performance measurement into budgetings. Public Productivity & Management Review, 17(3): 231-239.
Ehrenhalt, A. (1994). Performance budgeting: The name is... .Governing, 8(2): 9-10.
ElectriCities of North Carolina, Inc. (1997). 1997 Key Performance Indicators. Raleigh, NC: ElectriCities of North Carolina, Inc.
Epstein, P. D. (1984). Using performance measurement in local government: A guide to improving decisions, performance and accountability. Council on Municipal Performance Series. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
Epstein, P. (1992). Measuring the performance of public service. In M. Holzer (Ed.), Public productivity handbook (pp. 161-194). New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
Ferber, R., Sheatsley, P., Turner, A., and Waksberg, J. (1981). What is a survey? Washington, DC: American Statistical Association.
Few, P. K. and Vogt, A. J. (1997). Measuring the performance of local governments in North Carolina. Government Finance Review, 13(4): 29-34.
Finch, J. C. (1995). Managing for results: Status of the Government Performance and Results Act. Testimony before the Subcommittee on Government Management, Information and Technology, US House of Representatives. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Fischer, F. (1994). Organizational expertise and bureaucratic control: Behavioral science as managerial ideology. In F. Fischer. and C. Sirianni (Eds.), Critical studies in organization and bureaucracy (pp. 174-195). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Fischer, F. (1986). Reforming bureaucratic theory: Toward a political model. In D. J. Calista and S. S. Nagel (Eds.), Bureaucratic and governmental reform (pp. 35-53). Jai Pr., Inc.
Fischer, R. J. (1994). An overview of performance measurement. Public Management , 76(9): S2.
Fitzenz, J. (1993). Benchmarking staff performance. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
The Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People (1995). The annual progress report from the Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People. 1994-1995. Florida: Executive Office of the Governor.
The Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People (1995). Tracking the impact of state agencies on Florida's citizens: An assessment of the Department of Corrections' Goal to Reduce Recidivism. A report from the Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People. July. Florida: Executive Office of the Governor.
The Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People (1996). The Florida benchmarks report. February. Florida: Executive Office of the Governor.
The Florida Commission on Government Accountability to the People (1997). Performance-based program budgeting in context. Tallahassee, FL: Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability.
Folz, D. H. (1996). Survey for public administration. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fountain, J. (1995). Establishing a system of managing for results. Olympia association of government accountants spring symposium. Norwalk, CT: Governmental Accounting Standards Board.
Fountain, J. (1997). Are state and local governments using performance measures? PA Times, 20 (1): PM2, PM8.
Friedman, M. (1997). A guide to developing and using performance measures in results-based budgeting. Washington, DC: The Finance Project.
Fund for the City of New York, Center on Municipal Government Performance. (1998). How smooth are New York City's streets? New York: Fund for the City of New York, Center on Municipal Government Performance.
Gardner, J. (1994). American renewal: Adding spirit to communities. Public Management, 76(9) : 8-12.
Gerber, B. (1990). Benchmarking: Measuring yourself against the best. Training. Minneapolis, MN: Lakewood Publications Inc.
Gianakis, G. (1996). Integrating performance measurement and budgeting. In A. Halachmi and G. Bouckaert (Eds.), Organizational performance and measurement in public sector: Toward service, effort and accomplishment reporting. Westport: Quorum Books.
Glaser, M. A. (1999). Service delivery satisfaction and willingness to pay taxes: Citizen recognition of local government performance. Public Productivity & Management Review, 23(1): 48-67.
Glaser, M. A. (2000). Local government performance through the eyes of citizens. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 12(1): 49-73.
Glover, M. (1993). Performance measurement: Local government efforts and successes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Conference on Public Administration, Cocoa Beach, FL.
Goetz, A. M. and Jenkins, R. (2001). Hybrid forms of accountability: Citizen engagement in institutions of public-sector oversight in India. Public Management Review, 3(3): 362-363.
Goodsell, C. T. (1995). From bureaucrat bashing to institution trashing. PA Times, 18 (2) : 11.
Gore, A. (1990). Service efforts and accomplishments reporting: Its time has come - Sanitation collection and disposal. Research report series. Norwalk, CT: GASB.
Gore, A. (1991). Service efforts and accomplishments reporting: Its time has come - Mass transit. Research report series. Norwalk, CT: GASB.
Gore, A. (1996). Reinvention's next steps: Governing in a balanced budget world. A Speech by Vice President Al Gore and Supporting Background Papers. National Performance Review. Washington, D.C.
Gormley, W. T. and Weimer, D. A. (1999). Organizational report cards. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Governmental Accounting Standards Board. (1992). Preliminary views of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board on concepts related to service efforts and accomplishments reporting. Norwalk, CT: GASB.
Government Finance Officers Association. (1993). Distinguished budget presentation awards program: Awards criteria. Chicago: Government Finance Officers Association.
Government of Costa Rica & the World Bank. (1996). Guidelines for drafting compromiso de resultados. San Jose, Costa Rica.
Greenberg, D. H. and Appenzeller, U. (1998). Cost analysis step by step: A how to guide for planners and providers of welfare-to-work and other employment and training programs. New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation.
Greenway, M. T. and Hatry, H. E. (1996). Focusing on program outcomes: Summary guide. Alexandria, VA: United Way of America.
Greiner, J. M., Hatry, H. E., Koss, M. E, Millar, A. E., & Woodward, J. P. (1981). Productivity and motivation: A review of state and local government initiatives. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Grifel, S. S. (1993). Performance measurement and budgeting decision making. Public Productivity and Management Review, 16(4): 403-407.
Grifel, S. S. (1994). Organizational culture: Its importance in performance measurement. Public Management, 76(9): S19.
Grizzle, G. A. (1987). Linking performance to funding decisions: What is the budgeter's role? Public Productivity Review, 10(3): 33-44.
Halachmi, A. (Ed.) (1999). Performance and quality measurement in government. Burke, VA: Chatelaine Press.
Halachmi, A. and Bouckaert, G. (Eds.) (1996). Organizational performance and measurement in the public sector: Toward service, effort and accomplishment reporting. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books.
Hardy, C. (1985). The management of organizational closure. Aldershot: Gower.
Harrison, S. (1999). Propaganda, persuasion and symmetry: Local and central government perspectives on communicating with the citizen. British Journal of Management, 10(1): 53-62.
Harvey, E. and Mills, R. (1970). Patterns of organizational adaptation. In M. Zald (Ed.), Power in organizations. Nashville, TN: Vandervilt University Press.
Harvey, J. (1987). Measuring Productivity in Professional Services. Public Productivity Review, 44: 29-38.
Hatry, H. P. (1978). The status of productivity measurement in the public sector. Public Administration Review, 38(1): 28-33.
Hatry, H. P. (1980). Local government uses for performance measurement. Intergovernmental personnel notes (pp. 13-15). Washington, DC: Office of Personnel Management.
Hatry, H. P., Gerhart, C., and Marshall, M. (1994). Eleven ways to make performance measurement more useful to public managers. Public Management, 76(9): S15-S18.
Hatry, H. P., Mark F., Singer, T. O., and Liner, E. B. (1990). A manual: Monitoring the outcomes of economic development programs. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Hatry, H. P. (1986). Performance measurement principles and techniques: An overview for local government. Public Productivity Review, 4: 312-339.
Hatry, H. P. (1993). How effective are your community services? Conference Proceedings of the 1993 Managing for Results: Performance Measures in Government. Austin, TA.
Hatry, H. P. (1999). Performance measurement: Getting results. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.
Hatry, H. P., Blair, L., Fisk, D., Greiner, J. M., Hall, J. R., Jr, and Schaenman, P. S. (1992). How effective are your community services. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute and ICMA.
Hatry, H. P., Fisk, D. M., and Winnie, R. W. (1981). Practical program evaluation for state and local government. (2nd ed). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Hatry, H. P., Marcotte, J. E., Van Houten, T., and Weiss, C. H. (1998). Customer surveys for agency managers: What managers need to know. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Hatry, H. P., Blair, L. H., Fisk, D. H., Greiner, J. M., Hall, J. R., Jr., and Schaenman, P. S. (1977). How effective are your community services? Procedures for monitoring the effectiveness of municipal services. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute and the International City Management Association.
Hatry, H. P., Blair, L., Fisk, D., and Kimmel, W. (1987). Program analysis for state and local governments. (2nd ed). Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Hatry, P. and Fisk, D. (1992). Measuring productivity in the public sector. In M. Holzer (Ed.), Public productivity handbook (pp. 139-160). NY: Marcel Dekker.
Hatry, H. P., Fountain, J. R., Jr., Sullivan, J. M., and Kremer, L. (1990). Service efforts and accomplishments reporting: Its time has come. Norwalk, CT: Governmental Accounting Standards Board.
Hatry, H. E. and Kopczynski, M. (1998). Guide to program outcome measurement for the U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
Hatry, H. P, Fountain, J. R., Jr., and Sullivan, J. M. (1990). Overview. In H. P Hatry, J. R., Fountain, J. M. Sullivan, and L. Kremer (Eds.), Service efforts and accomplishments reporting: Its time has come: An overview (pp. 1-49). Norwalk, CT: Governmental Accounting Standards Board.
Hatry, H. P., Van Houten, T., Plantz, M., and Greenway, M. T. (1996). Measuring program outcomes: A practical approach. Alexandria, VA: United Way of America.
Hauser, R. M., Brown, B. V., & Prosser, W. R. (Eds.). (1997). Indicators of children's well-being. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Hawaii, State of. Auditor. (1994). Sunset evaluation update: Nurses-A report to the governor and the Legislature of the State of Hawaii. Honolulu, HA: Auditor of the State of Hawaii.
Hayllar, M. P. (1999). Reforms to enhance accountability and citizen involvement: A case study of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. International Journal of Public Administration, 22(3&4): 461.
Henry, G. T. and Dickey, K. C. (1993). Implementing performance monitoring: A research and development approach. Public Administration Review, 53(3): 203-212.
Ho, A. T.-K. and Coates, P. (2002). Citizen participation: Legitimizing performance measurement as a decision tool. Government Finance Review, 18(2): 8-10.
Holzer, M. (1992). Mastering public productivity improvement. In M. Holzer (Ed.), Public productivity handbook. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Holzer, M. and Halachmi, A. (1996). Measurement as a means of accountability. International Journal of Public Administration, 19(11&12): 1921-1943.
Hosansky, D. (1994). Tell Me Where The Money Went. State Legislatures: 26-30.
Howard, R., and Schneider, L. (1994). Worker participation in technological change: Interests, influence, and scope. In F. Fischer and C. Sirianni (Eds.), Critical studies in organization and bureaucracy (rev. edition) (pp. 519-544). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Ikerd, J. (1994). Case study: Catawba County redesigns its budget system. Public Management, 76(9): S22.
Ingraham, P. W. and Romzek, B. (1994). New paradigms for government: Issues for the changing public service. Jossey-Bass Public Administration Series. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
The Innovation Group. Standard Reporting of Performance Measures
International City/County Management Association. (1999). Comparative performance measurement: FY 1997 data report. Washington, DC: International City/County Management Association.
International City Managers Association (1994). Comparative Performance Measurement Consortium. Washington, DC: ICMA.
Iowa Department of Management (1996). Technical and training handbook for budgeting for results. Des Moines, IA: Iowa Department of Management.
Jackson, M. (1996). Lessons learned from Minnesota's government performance report. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Jaede, A. et al. (1996). Minnesota Milestones: 1996 progress report. MN: Minnesota Planning. July.
Jonas, K. (1996). The Development of performance measures for Virginia financial oversight. Washington, DC: ASPA's Center for Accountability and Performance.
Jones, A. (1997). Winston-Salem's participation in the North Carolina performance measurement project. Government Finance Review, 13(4): 35-36.
Joyce, P. G. (1993). Using performance measures for federal budgeting: Proposals and prospects. Public Budgeting and Finance, 13(4): 3-17.
Justice Management Division, U.S. Department of Justice. (1995). DOJ manager's handbook on developing useful performance indicators: Version 1.1, managing for results. Washington, DC: Author. April.
Kamensky, J. M. (1993). Program performance measures: Designing a system to manage for results. Public Productivity and Management Review, 16(4): 395-402.
Kamensky, J. M. (1995). Program performance measures: Designing a system to manage for results. In A. Halachmi and M. Holzer (Eds.), Competent government: Theory and practice: The best of public productivity and management review, 1985-1993. (pp. 239-246). Burke, VA: Chatelaine Press.
Karlof, B. and Ostblom, S. (1993). Benchmarking: A signpost to excellence in quality and productivity. New York: John Wiley.
Keehley, P. (1997). Benchmarking for best practices in the public sector: Achieving performance breakthroughs in federal, state, and local agencies. Jossey-Bass Public Administration Series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Kelly, J. M. and Swindell, D. (2002). Service quality variation across urban space: First Steps toward a model of citizen satisfaction. Journal of Urban Affairs, 24(3): 271-288.
Kettl, D. F. (1993). Toward new governance: Making process a priority. The La Follette Policy Report. 5 (2). Madison, WI: La Follette Institute, University of Wisconsin.
Kettner, P., Moroney, R. and Martin, L. (1990). Designing and managing programs: An effectiveness based approach. Newbury Park: Sage.
Knezo, G. J. (1995). Government Performance and Results Act, P.L 103-62: Interim Status Report. (revised). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service.
Knight, K. E. (1967). A descriptive model of the intra-firm innovation process. Journal of Business, 40(4): 478-96.
Kopcynski, M. and Lombardo, M. (1999). Comparative performance measurement: Insights and lessons learned from a consortium effort. Public Administration Review, 59(2): 124-134.
Korman, N. and Glennerster, H. (1985). Closing a hospital: The Derenth Park Project. Occasional Papers on Social Administration, 78. London: Bedford Square Press.
Kowalewski, R. (1996). Using outcome information to redirect programs: A case of the Coast Guard's pilot project under the Government Performance and Results Act. American Society for Public Administration Case Study F3. Washington, DC: American Society for Public Administration.
Kravchuck, R. and Schack, R. (1996). Designing effective performance measurement systems under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. Public Administration Review, 56: 348-358.
LaPlante, A. (1994). Sunnyvale: Performance-based budgeting. Computerworld, 28(40): 90.
Lappin, J., Figioni, P., and Sloan, S. (1994). A primer on consumer marketing research: Procedures, methods, and tools. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation.
Larkey, P. D. and Devereux, E. A. (1999). Good budgetary decision process. In H. G. Frederickson and J. M. Johnston (Eds.), Public management reform and innovation: Research, theory and application (pp. 166-188). Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
Latsis, O. (1999). Citizens believe in the government’s zeal. Current Digest of the Post Soviet Press, 51(39): 17.
League of California Cities. (1994). A "how to" guide for assessing effective service lev-els in California cities. Sacramento, CA: League of California Cities.
Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning. (1996). Detailed instructions for preparing and submitting requests for legislative appropriations for the biennium beginning September 1, 1997-Executive and Administrative Agencies. Austin, TX: Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning.
Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning. (1998). Instructions for preparing and submitting agency strategic plans: Fiscal Years 1999-2003. Austin, TX: Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning.
Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning. (1998). Planning for "Texas Tomorrow": Instructions for preparing and submitting agency strategic plans for Fiscal Year 1999-2000. Austin, TX: Legislative Budget Board, Texas Governor's Office of Budget and Planning.
LeGrotte, R. B. (1987). Performance measurement in major U.S. cities. Unpublished master's thesis. Denton, TX: North Texas State University.
Leibfried, K. and McNair, C. (1992). Benchmarking: A tool for continuous improvement. New York: HarperCollins.
Leithe, J. L. (1997). Implementing performance measurement in government: Illustrations and resources. Chicago, Ill.: Government Finance Officers Association.
Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington. (1994). Level of service standards: Measures for maintaining the quality of community life. Kirkland, WA: Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington.
Lewis, D. R., Johnson, D. S., Chen, T., and Erickson, R. N. (1992). The use and reporting of benefit-cost analyses by state vocational rehabilitation agencies. Evaluation Review: A Journal of Applied Social Research, 16(3): 266-287.
Lichiello, P., Berkowitz, B., Thompson, J., Katz, A., and Perrin, E. B. (1998). Enabling performance measurement activities in the states and communities. Seattle, WA: Northwest Prevention Effectiveness Center and the Health Policy Analysis Program.
Linden, R. (1993). Business process reengineering: Newest fad or revolution in government? Public Management, 75(11): 9.
Liner, E. B., Hatry, H. P., and Rossman, S. (1994). Measuring progress of estuary programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water: EPA 842-B-94-008 and 94-009.
Lipsey, M. W. (1993). Theory as method. In L. B. Sechrest and A. G. Scott (Eds.), New directions for program evaluation, 57: 5-38. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Lipsey, M. W. (1998). Unsolved mysteries and methodological quandaries. Paper prepared for the Washington Evaluators Conference, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
Lynch, T. D. and Day, S. E. (1996). Public sector performance measurement. Public Administration Quarterly, 19 (4): 404-419.
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